Wat Xieng Thong: Luang Prabang’s Iconic Temple and Spiritual Heart

As a country of Buddhism, Laos contains thousands of temples, some ancient, beautiful and sacred. Among them is Wat Xieng Thong or Vat Xieng Thong, which is the closest approximation of the original pronunciation. This is not only the most beautiful and important religious building in the ancient capital of Luang Prabang, but also one of the oldest temples which keep the ancient architecture and paintings that are probably considered symbols and features of cultural architecture of the ancient pagodas of Laos. This site has become familiar with local and foreign tourists who look not only at the landscape, but also study the architecture and sculpture of Wat Xiengthong which is extremely beautiful, unlike any other temple in Laos.

Written by Preetika Narula (Local Expert)Updated on 09-12-2024

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Table of contents

History of Wat Xieng Thong
Where is this temple located?
When to visit Wat Xieng Thong?
What is special about the temple of Wat Xieng Thong?
Typical rituals and festivals
Sights to discover near Luang Prabang

History of Wat Xieng Thong

The term Wat Xieng Thong literally translates as "Temple in the Golden City." Set in modern-day Luang Prabang, the temple was constructed by King Setthathirath during the 16th century (1559-1560). During his reign, Buddhism formed the pivotal essence of people's spirituality. Soon after its founding, Wat Xieng Thong, Laos became a source of pride and identity for the Laotian people as the first symbolic marker of the original Buddhist faith.

This temple profoundly embraces and lives not only as an almighty sacred worship place but also as one major cultural, as well spiritual center, deeply rooted in her long history and identity in Luang Prabang. Under the royal family until 1975, when the Lao People's Democratic Republic was founded, Wat Xieng Thong was the site of royal coronations and the heart of many of the annual festivals in honor of Buddha and folk spirits.

*A corner of the courtyard at Wat Xieng Thong temple*

Where is this temple located?

Located just 1 km from the historic centre, it is easily accessible whether you choose to walk, rent a bike or take a tuk-tuk. In this article, we explain how to reach this historic gem to make your visit simple and enjoyable.

🚶 Discovery on foot

For those who would love to walk, this is a walk at Wat Xieng Thong. Walk from the center of the old city, like Sisavangvong Square, head southward on the Phothisalath Road, pass a quaint little bridge, and follow the quiet bank of the Mekong River. About a 15 to 20-minute walk will get you to your destination at the temple: on your left along the river. What this walk will make you soak in is the pretty and peaceful atmosphere of Luang Prabang.

🛺 Opt for a tuk-tuk

Tuk-tuks are an excellent option if you want a quicker and more comfortable mode of transport. You can easily ask around the old town area to spot them. Just say "Wat Xieng Thong, please" to the driver, and you will be there in 5-10 minutes, depending on the traffic. A better option for time and energy saving, but you still get to enjoy the local charm.

🚴 Rent a bike for more adventure

Renting a bicycle is a greener and more interesting option. Several locations in the heart of Luang Prabang offer bicycles for rent at minimal cost. The bicycle ride to Wat Xieng Thong takes about 10 to 15 minutes. Furthermore, this allows you to glide through the scenic streets of the town and discover less-visited nooks and crannies.

When to visit Wat Xieng Thong?

You can visit Wat Xieng Thong in any season of the year, as the temple opens daily from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm. However, to make the most of the beauty and peaceful atmosphere of the site, the best time for your visit is in the afternoon, when the light highlights the temple's glittering architecture and mosaics.

*A photo taken in 2001 at Wat Xieng Thong*

✍️ What we recommend taking for your visit

During your visit, it is also necessary to observe some regulations:
Wear appropriate attire; avoid wearing very short shorts and skirts or tops that leave the chest and shoulders bare. Such attire indicates consideration by visitors toward this significant religious site.
Take off your shoes before entering the buildings. This is a typical custom in Buddhist temples, symbolizing both purity and respect.
Take photographs only in authorized areas to maintain the serenity and sanctity of the place.

The monks of the Wat Xieng Thong temple are performing solemn ceremonies. — *The monks of the Wat Xieng Thong temple are performing solemn ceremonies*

What is special about the temple of Wat Xieng Thong?

Impressive architecture

The total area of the pagoda space is 8,215 square meters, enclosed within brick walls. Wat Xieng Thong has curved domes and an intricate design, as well as a harmony of bright colors, including yellows and reds. The walls are adorned with complicated designs and gold-leafed details; the temple has remained almost intact since it was constructed. Inside the pagoda, over 20 elements in the same architectural form bear the ancient imprint of Luang Prabang.

*A typical architectural feature of the temples of Luang Prabang*

Art Treasures

What enthralls the observer is, in fact, the beauty of the artwork that decorates the shrine walls. It reflects the genius of craftspersons from Laos who blend traditional and modern techniques of architecture into great murals. Traditional fresco painting, commonly found at Buddhist shrines around Luang Prabang, using the technique of stencils or thin bands of gold and wood carvings, was used until the nineteenth century, when glass mosaic was introduced as part of the art collection for royal shrines and other sites.

*The murals reflect the genius of the Laos craftsmen*

On the back wall of this main shrine, known as "Sim," is a tree portrayal in a large glass mosaic. There are two main interpretations that explain the significance of the tree.

The first interpretation is that this tree represents the moment of enlightenment of Sakyamuni (the historical Buddha). This can be inferred because the Buddha and stupa are depicted in gold and located above an oleaster identified at a point beneath the great spreading tree, symbolizing enlightenment in Buddhism.

*Sim- A sacred image at Wat Xieng Thong temple*

The second theory is about a myth connected to Luang Prabang itself. Two hermits were said to have found a tree in flames while searching for a place to build a new capital. They constructed a city with this burning tree at its center. The bright orange background and the tree glowing in the sunlight strongly evoke the mythical tree described in the story.

Other Elements of the Complex

The Wat Xieng Thong Estate also includes a Triptaka Library, built in 1880, as well as a drum tower erected in 1961 and a mission hall dating back to 1560. These elements add to the cultural and historical richness of the temple, making Wat Xieng Thong not only a place of worship, but also a living museum of Lao heritage.

Typical rituals and festivals

Visiting Wat Xieng Thong does not mean to see and contemplate a masterpiece of architecture only; it also plunges one into the living traditions and cultural festivities in Laos. This renowned temple is where amalgamation of religious faith, historical heritage and vibrant culture draws together. The following are some of the interesting rituals and accompanying festivals of Wat Xieng Thong:

1. The Bunpimay Festival (Lao New Year)

The date: Usually from 13 to 15 April.
Main Activity: This is the Buddhist New Year festival celebrated in Laos, and Wat Xieng Thong is one place that has a lot of activity during the event. People witness the Buddha Bath Ceremony, which involves pouring fragrant water decorated with flowers over the statues. The exercise is purifying for a prosperous year ahead. It is an integrated activity that also includes processions, dances, and offerings to the monks.

*Women with traditional Lao New Year outfits in Bunpimay festival*

>>>Learn more about: Lao New Year

2. The ritual of 'knotting the red thread' (Baci)

Baci is a rather unique blessing ceremony intended to attract peace, luck, and happiness into one's life. In general, it takes place during special events like weddings, births, or visits.

Experience at Wat Xieng Thong: Monks or village elders recite prayers while tying a red or white thread around the wrists of the participants. This thread is a symbol of protection and should be kept until it comes off naturally.

>>>Learn more about: The Baci ceremony in Laos

3. Buddha's Birthday (Vesak)

Date: The full moon day of May.
Celebrations: It is a festival in memory of the birth, enlightenment, and death of the Buddha. At Wat Xieng Thong, there are torchlight processions, prayer songs, and offerings. Noteworthy are the congregated devotees at night, listening to Buddhist talks and meditating in a very solemn and spiritual atmosphere.

4. The That Luang Festival

Month: November in the lunar calendar.
Significance: Mainly celebrated in Vientiane, local celebrations are arranged at the important temples of Luang Prabang, such as Wat Xieng Thong. Activities include processions, collective offerings, and cultural performances demonstrating the Buddhist traditions of the country. Find out more about: That Luang Stupa.

5. Local handicrafts and thangka exhibitions

Cultural importance: During this festival, Wat Xieng Thong presents local crafts. People come to admire the incredibly detailed thangkas (Buddhist religious paintings), which are most often hung for spiritual reflection, and then they are displayed. Additionally, brocade weaving workshops are open to explore traditional techniques for producing luxurious fabrics as a symbol of Laotian heritage.

>>> A little tip from Kampá Tour: Buying souvenirs here will be cheaper than in the tourist shops, but when buying handicrafts in Laos, it is recommended to have some Kip, the local currency, as sometimes women here do not have a bank account.

Sights to discover near Luang Prabang

During your visit to Luang Prabang, in addition to discovering the majestic Wat Xieng Thong, be sure to explore other emblematic sites that will enrich your experience in this city imbued with spirituality and nature:

Mount Phousi

Allegedly known as a "mountain," Mount Phousi actually rises 140 meters above the city itself-and because of it, it has stood out as one of the true spiritual refuges in the world, with lining several Buddhist temples over the path to reach it. From its summit, breathtaking panoramic views of Luang Prabang feature, ideal for sunrise or sunset. Indeed, for nature and serenity lovers, it is a place worth visiting.

*Mount Phousi, the perfect place to watch the sunset in Luang Prabang*

Pak Ou Cave

Located about 25 km north of Luang Prabang, Pak Ou Cave is a sacred site accessible only by boat. This Mekong River tour is an unforgettable experience in itself, giving you the opportunity to take in the river's peaceful scenery. Upon arrival, you'll find more than 4,000 elaborately carved Buddha statues, some of which are centuries old. This place, steeped in history and spirituality, is a true symbol of the Buddhist religion in Laos.

*A sacred place home to thousands of Buddhas*

Kuang Si Waterfall

Natural wonders, Kuang Si Waterfall, located east of Luang Prabang, is nestled in the heart of a beautiful forest, 29 km from the city center. The waterfalls comprise a series of terraced pools of turquoise water where visitors can swim and cool off. The complex is suitable for a day's outing that mixes relaxation and nature. There are trails around the waterfalls for exploring the nearby forest and its wildlife. >>> More on Kuang Si Falls.

Our Final Words

Wat Xieng Thong - Luang Prabang is one of the few magnificent places that continues to captivate and impress, after so many glorious years, with its grandeur and architectural wonder. This is a place that is definitely not to be passed up as an opportunity to visit! Come and indulge yourself in the placid environment of this magical place, discover its rich history, and let yourself be charmed by the warm culture of Laos.