Travel Guide to Ayutthaya, Ancient Royal City

Ayutthaya, the ancient royal city of Thailand, is like a window into the history and past greatness of the kingdom. Situated along the Chao Phraya River, this town has a truly special atmosphere that transports you back in time.

It is an extraordinary place where you can explore ancient ruins imbued with royal spirit, discover bustling markets, and savor authentic flavors. There, everything harmonizes perfectly: the old buildings and nature. You will be captivated by the history and mysteries of this thriving city of Ayutthaya as you read through this article.

Written by Mai VuUpdated on 06-04-2024

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1. Where is Ayutthaya located?

Ayutthaya, the ancient capital of the Kingdom of Siam, is one of Thailand's major historical treasures. Located about 80 kilometers north of Bangkok, it was one of the largest cities in Southeast Asia, wielding influence as a regional power for 417 years.

The magnificent temples and remains that dot the city reflect its past grandeur. It is located on an "island" formed by the Chao Phraya, Pa Sak, and Lopburi rivers.

After succeeding Sukhothai, Ayutthaya became Thailand's second capital for 400 years. At its peak, it was home to more than a million people and more than 1,500 temples. Its thriving economy was based on trade with China, India, Malaysia, and European countries. However, in 1767 the city was destroyed during the Burmese invasion, leading to the establishment of the new capital at Bangkok, downstream of the Chao Phraya River. Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1991, Ayutthaya still retains precious vestiges of its glorious past.

2. When are the best times to visit Ayutthaya?

The best time to visit Ayutthaya in Thailand is from November to January, offering ideal weather conditions with less rain. Even during the cooler months of December and January, Ayutthaya remains hot and humid, with temperatures around thirty degrees.

January is often busier, which can result in higher accommodation costs. In contrast, April, despite its temperatures reaching 45 degrees Celsius, attracts fewer visitors, offering less crowded streets and affordable accommodation for those who can tolerate the intense heat.

From June to September, the storm season makes visiting more difficult, marking a less popular time for tourists.

>>> Also read: Thailand in April, here comes a tropical paradise!

3. How to get there?

• By train 

The train is a popular option for traveling from Bangkok to Ayutthaya, with a journey time varying from 80 to 150 minutes depending on the service chosen. The fastest train departs at 8:30 a.m. and reaches Ayutthaya in just 77 minutes. Typically there are around 48 trains per day making this journey.

First class is not available on local trains. Second-class offers comfortable seats in air-conditioned carriages at an affordable price, while third-class tickets are non-reservable. Tickets can be purchased either through the 12go agency or at the ticket office of any station.

In Ayutthaya, to get to the temples you have several options such as ferry, tuk-tuk, or renting a bike.

>>> Also read: Metro in Bangkok Thailand: Complete Guide to BTS and MRT

• By vans

As of 2016, the bus option from Bangkok to Ayutthaya is no longer available. Travelers must now choose minivans, a faster and more comfortable alternative to city buses. These minivans depart from Mo Chit bus station, and although they cost twice as much as the train, they offer a service without a fixed schedule. They start as soon as they are full, which can mean a wait of 5 to 30 minutes. During the one-hour journey to Ayutthaya, the minivans make several stops. Fares for this journey vary from 150 to 300 baht (as an indication).

• By taxi

Renting a car or taking a taxi from Bangkok are available options for traveling to Ayutthaya. This is especially ideal if you're planning a day trip. The drive usually takes between 1 and 2 hours, depending on traffic.

Opting for a private taxi from Bangkok to Ayutthaya is one of the quickest and most comfortable ways to get there, although it involves a high cost of 1000 to 2000 baht (as a guide).

• On a boat

Travelers can easily access Ayutthaya from Bangkok by river. Taking a boat is possible, although this option is sometimes less convenient and less frequent than other means of transportation. However, the boat trip along the Chao Phraya River offers a pleasant experience with magnificent views, especially of the pretty Pang Pa In Palace. It should be noted that this option is generally more expensive than other means of transport.

>>> Also read: Mastering Your Budget in Thailand 2024: Prices and Tips

4. What to do & see in Ayutthaya?

• Wat Mahatthat

It was built in the 16th century by King Borommaracha I (in 1374) and then expanded by King Songtham three centuries later. This temple is the oldest and probably the most beautiful in the ancient capital. Most of the Buddha statues present there were decapitated during the Burmese invasion in the 17th century; just like all the buildings that were destroyed or fell into ruin. But we can appreciate numerous vestiges and traces of a monarchical past. In particular, you can find a famous Buddha head, trapped in the roots of a tree. It is the symbol of the park, which has become the most photographed effigy. This temple occupies a predominant place for the Thais on a religious level, in particular for its “chedi” (or stupa) and its “prang” (central tower), which do not leave one indifferent.

• Wat Phra Si Sanphet

Inside this temple, a huge 16-meter-high statue of Buddha, covered in 250 kilos of gold leaf, is an impressive representation of the power of the Kingdom of Siam. Once one of the most prestigious religious sites, Wat Phra Si Sanphet is also home to three majestic brick chedis containing the ashes of three kings of Ayutthaya. These structures were partially destroyed during the Burmese invasion of 1767 and then restored. They are surrounded by smaller chedis, statues, and surrounding walls.

• Wat Phanan Choeng

This off-center temple to the southeast of the city is very popular with worshipers because it houses a seated golden Buddha, probably the most famous in Ayutthaya. It is colossal at 19 meters high surrounded by 84,000 miniature Buddhas along the walls. If you are lucky, you have the opportunity to attend the ceremony where the monks change the orange cloth that they place on top of the Buddha to clothe him. A very mystical moment!

• Wat Yai Chai Mongkhon

Considered the most beautiful temple in Ayutthaya, Wat Yai Chai Mongkhon has been the pride of the Siamese since the 13th century. Its two large seated and smiling Buddhas, carved in stone, stand on each side of the main chedi. Another reclining Buddha measuring 7 meters long is a little further away, surrounded by an imposing pagoda offering panoramic views of the garden. This temple is very popular with travelers and represents an important place of meditation for the faithful.

• Wat Lokayasutharam

Located in the Pratoochai district behind the old Palace, Wat Lokayasutharam is not a temple strictly speaking, but a very large statue of the Buddha lying on the ground. It is impressive with its 37m long and 8m high, built of brick and cement. The head of the Buddha rests on a lotus flower, which gives the whole thing a very pleasant feeling of calm.

• Wat Chai Watthanaram

Built by King Prasat Thong in honor of his mother, this vast temple offers superb views of the peaceful Chao Phraya River. Its Khmer architecture, arranged in a staggered pattern, is reminiscent of that of the temples of Angkor Wat. The site is well maintained, showcasing its 35-meter-high central prang, surrounded by eight chedis.
To visit Wat Chai Watthanaram, travelers must leave the historical park and take the river. Being on the outskirts of the city, it is less busy, offering a peaceful atmosphere and wonderful views between trees and rivers. It is a photogenic place, especially at sunrise and sunset.

• Wat Phra Ram

According to written records, this temple was built in 1369 by King Ramesuan, on the cremation ground of his father, King U Thong, creator of the ancient capital Ayutthaya. Khmer architecture is strongly represented there with a gigantic prang surrounded by several floors of Garudas. Travelers can climb up to get a beautiful panoramic view of the surrounding area. It is one of the best-preserved temples among the ruins of the city.

• Wat Racha Burana

This temple built in the 15th century best illustrates the era and the influence of Khmer culture on the Kingdom of Ayutthaya, by housing the largest chedi in Ayutthaya. Its construction is intended to celebrate the two sons of King Sam Phraya, who died during a fight on elephants to conquer the throne after the disappearance of their father. It was ultimately a third brother who succeeded him.

• Ayutthaya night market

The night market is also very lively, in a very pretty setting. It is organized every Friday, Saturday, and Sunday evening in the heart of Ayutthaya, near its historic temples.

5. What is the recommended route to visit Ayutthaya?

For a short but memorable getaway of around 2 days and 1 night in Ayutthaya, it is possible to combine this experience with other nearby destinations to enrich your trip. 

A popular itinerary begins in Bangkok, where you can enjoy the excitement of the capital, its bustling nightlife, and its must-see floating markets. 

Then, the journey continues to Kanchanaburi, famous for its famous bridge over the River Kwai and its captivating natural landscapes. 

After exploring the charms of Kanchanaburi, the route heads to Ayutthaya, offering travelers an immersion in the fascinating history of this ancient city. The majestic temples, mystical ruins, and serene atmosphere provide a welcome contrast to the hustle and bustle of previous stops. 

This combination allows for complete immersion in urban exploration, nature, and Thailand's rich cultural heritage, creating unforgettable moments.

6. Practical advice

• Sun protection: Pack sunscreen, a hat, and sunglasses to protect yourself from UV rays during your stay due to the sunny climate.
• Comfortable Dress and Shoes: It is necessary to wear modest clothing while visiting temples and historical sites. Avoid short shorts and tank tops, opt for long pants and long-sleeved tops. Additionally, you should opt for comfortable shoes, which are essential for exploring historical sites.
• Respect local customs: Show respect for local culture, including removing shoes before entering sacred places.
• Transportation: Get around easily using tuk-tuks, bicycles, or on foot depending on the distances. In particular, you can negotiate tuk-tuk prices before boarding.
• Cash: Having cash in addition to credit cards is essential, especially if you plan on shopping at local markets.

>>> Also read: Hello in Thai? Guide to greeting like a local 

Our last words

Ayutthaya, a must-see destination in Thailand, reveals its history through stunning temples and ancient ruins. This city, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, immerses you in an adventure between tradition and modernity, revealing the very essence of Thailand. Its bustling markets, bustling streets, and delicious cuisine add a modern touch to its old-world charm. Ayutthaya appeals to those who want to experience culture, blending the splendor of the past with the vitality of the present.

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