Why Is Pha That Luang So Special? Discover Its Secrets!

The stupa of That Luang is one of the most representative works of Laotian visual arts, with unique architecture that stands out throughout Southeast Asia. A true symbol of Laotian culture, it embodies profound values such as intelligence, creativity and solidarity. More than just a place of worship, Pha That Luang is a national emblem, a religious icon, and a living testament to the rich artistic heritage of the Lan Xang Kingdom. This stupa also functions as a museum that preserves the history and ancient art of Laos. Discover with us this emblematic symbol of the country.

Written by Preetika Narula (Local Expert)Updated on 19-11-2024

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Table of contents

History of the Pha That Luang Stupa
The Symbolic Architecture of the That Luang Stupa
Pha That Luang Festival: A Grand Celebration of Buddhist Culture in Laos
Top Places to Visit Near the That Luang Stupa in Vientiane

History of the Pha That Luang Stupa

Pha That Luang is the main monument in Vientiane, the capital of Laos. It was built in the 16th century during the reign of King Setthathirath, when he moved the capital of the Lan Xang Kingdom from Luang Prabang to Vientiane. Its historic and religious significance, combined with its uncommon shape, has made it an iconic national symbol of Laos.

The historical narrative of That Luang tells of one of the most sacred occurrences. In 236 BE, five monks returned to Laos from India, bringing with them a revered relic—the knee bone of the Buddha. They convinced the Kingdom of Muang Vientiane to build a shrine to house this sacred relic, establishing That Luang as an important place of worship from its inception.

*Stupa That Luang, one of the most iconic Buddhist monuments in Laos, located in the capital of Vientiane*

In 1563, after successfully repelling Burmese attackers, the capital of Laos was moved from Luang Prabang to Vientiane, and the royal throne was placed at That Luang. The original temple was rebuilt, and the present golden spire now stands over the ruins of the old temple, blending the country's history with its Buddhist tradition.

The stupa was heavily damaged in the 19th century during the Thai invasion but was later carefully restored by the Laotian government. Today, it remains an important religious site and a popular tourist destination.

*The statue of King Setthathirath, one of the most illustrious in the history of Laos, stands today in front of the stupa*

Inside this gold-covered stupa lie revered relics, including the hair of the Buddha. That Luang is not only a national symbol but also a masterpiece of traditional craftsmanship. Built by skilled Laotian artisans, it is one of the largest stupas in the country, celebrated for its historical, cultural, artistic, and architectural significance

▶️ Practical information:

Entrance fee: 5,000 kips (approximately $0.25 USD) per person.
Openings hours: 8:00 - 12:00 and 13:00 - 16:00.

Recommended time of visit: It is possible to visit the stupa all year round, but the best time is between November and March, when temperatures are cooler. From April to June, the heat can be intense, so remember to bring a hat, sunscreen, and water.

The Symbolic Architecture of the That Luang Stupa

The Pha That Luang stupa in Vientiane represents an architectural masterpiece that is both symbolic and ingenious in its creation, embodying Laotian culture in profound ways. Its base, designed to resemble a lotus flower in full bloom, extends with golden petals in all four directions, symbolizing harmony and growth.

The enclosing walls of the stupa are delicately carved, depicting various episodes from the life of the Buddha, offering observers a visual insight into his spiritual journey. Another significant feature of the stupa is its adornment with over 332 golden Bodhi leaves, symbolizing enlightenment, along with 30 small towers representing three decades of Buddhist practice. Each small tower is decorated with Buddhist tenets inscribed in Balinese script, elaborately designed to enhance the sacred and educational character of the structure.

The artistic sculptures associated with the Pha That Luang stupa are vital elements of its architecture. These carvings, often made of wood, adorn various parts of the stupa, including windows, main entrances, columns, beams, and ceilings. They draw inspiration from Laotian folktales passed down through generations. The artists reference Laotian literary histories, including the stories of Phutthapavat, Phavet, Sithon, and Phalac Pha Lam.

*Overall, the architecture of That Luang embodies a perfect harmony between art, spirituality and culture*

These stories, rich with symbols and moral lessons, guide visitors on a journey through the spiritual and cultural heritage of Laos, featuring depictions of human figures, gods, and both natural and mythical elements. The architecture of That Luang embodies the essence of Lao culture while serving as a national symbol. Its image graces banknotes and the national coat of arms of the Lao People's Democratic Republic, solidifying its place as a powerful representation of the country's visual identity.

Pha That Luang Festival: A Grand Celebration of Buddhist Culture in Laos

The Pha That Luang stupa holds far more than architectural value; it is a profound symbol of Lao culture, spirituality, and communal wisdom. Every year, under the full moon of November, the stupa becomes the centerpiece of a remarkable festival lasting three days and three nights, filled with sacred rituals, communal celebrations, and cultural events.

*During the That Luang festival, Laotians make various types of traditional offerings (flowers, incense, meals, etc.)*

The central events of this festival carry significant cultural and symbolic importance. The Buddha bathing ceremony, an act of purification and renewal, and the offering of rice (tak bat) to the monks—symbolizing generosity and gratitude—stand out prominently. These activities attract thousands of participants, all coming together to celebrate moments of unity and to pray for prosperity and happiness in the future.

*These events attract thousands of participants*

However, the festival transcends its religious origins, doubling as a time of festivity and conviviality. It showcases Laotian art, culture, and traditions through lively folk music and dances that fill the streets around the stupa. Traditional sports events further add to the joyous atmosphere, with the "Ti Khi" game—a hockey-like traditional sport—being a crowd favorite.

*On the occasion of the That Luang festival, Laotians gather around the stupa and pray*

The final night of the festival is particularly moving, marked by a candlelit procession. Hundreds of participants carry lit candles as they slowly circle the sacred grounds of That Luang. This magical scene, with flickering candlelight illuminating the stupa, creates a breathtaking moment where the golden glow transforms the night.

In the collective consciousness of the Laotian people, That Luang represents an eternal golden flame, igniting their fervor, faith, and sense of national pride. This festival is a unique occasion, honoring Laos's historical legacy, spiritual traditions, and communal identity.

*In the evening, the That Luang festival transforms into a bright and vibrant spectacle*

Top Places to Visit Near the That Luang Stupa in Vientiane

The Patuxai

This landmark of note, often compared to the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, offers a stunning panoramic view of the cityscape. The building serves as a memorial to those who fought for Laotian independence and is a great starting point from which to get to know the capital.

The National Museum in Laos

This would be the perfect place to learn more about Lao history, culture, and art. The museum boasts an impressive collection of ancient relics, statues, and handicrafts that disclose important information about the country's development from prehistoric times to modern day.

The Talat Sao (Morning Market)

There's also an animated market selling souvenirs, textiles, handicrafts, and local specialties. This is a place where you can find Laotian craft with traditional textiles, silver ornaments, and culinary delicacies such as sticky rice and tropical fruits.

The Wat Si Saket

Important Buddhist temple, built in 1818, has exemplified the traditional Laotian architecture with beautiful mural frescoes. It is one of the oldest temples in Vientiane and contains a huge collection of Buddha statues.

*Wat Si Saket is one of the oldest and most remarkable Buddhist temples in Vientiane*

▶️ ▶️ In addition to Pha That Luang, there are also other places in Vientiane that you can't miss. Check out our article: Capital of Vientiane - Essential Guide.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the That Luang pagoda is much more than just a religious monument: it embodies the soul of Laos, combining history, culture, and spirituality. Its imposing architecture, refined sculptures, and living traditions make it a symbol of the unity and faith of the Laotian people. This sacred site not only attracts art and history enthusiasts, but also immerses each visitor in a unique experience, marked by beauty, serenity and respect for traditions. A visit to the That Luang Pagoda allows you to discover the very essence of Laotian culture and explore, in its surroundings, other treasures of the capital Vientiane.

(The information contained in this article is based on SOUKSAKHONE's master's thesis entitled "The Art of Wood Sculpture of the That Luang Pagoda and its Application in the Teaching of Artistic Decoration in Secondary Schools in Salakham, Laos.")

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