Xôi: Vietnam’s Beloved Sticky Rice Dishes

In Vietnam, a country deeply rooted in the traditions of wet rice cultivation, rice holds an essential place in its culinary heritage. It is a cornerstone of daily life, appearing in everything from family meals centered around fragrant steamed rice to iconic dishes like pho, bun, banh hoi, and banh cuon. Traditional rice cakes such as banh chung, banh day, banh tet, and banh u also reflect the rich cultural significance of this staple. Among these, one dish stands out for its simplicity and widespread appeal: xôi - Vietnamese sticky rice.

Join us as we explore the delights of this traditional dish and discover its different varieties across each region!

Written by Trang Nguyen (Local Expert) Updated on 19-12-2024

1 Comments

Vietnamese sticky rice: A daily delight in traditional cuisine

In Vietnam, a country where wet rice cultivation shapes both culture and tradition, rice and its derivatives hold an enduring significance. Among them, xoi - Vietnamese sticky rice - stands out as a cherished everyday staple. The image of a humble bundle of xoi wrapped in banana leaves has been etched into the memories of generations, symbolizing simplicity and warmth.

Unlike regular rice, glutinous rice transforms into a sticky, aromatic delight when cooked. Its unique fragrance, reminiscent of ripe rice fields, evokes the rustic charm of Vietnam’s countryside. While xoi can be enjoyed at any time of the day, it is especially loved as an affordable and satisfying breakfast option, offering a comforting start to the morning.

Sticky rice holds a cherished place in the lives of Vietnamese people, accompanying them through daily meals, significant milestones, and cherished memories - from a first date in youth to traditions carried into old age. Deeply rooted in ancient traditions and cultural customs, sticky rice carries symbolic meaning during life’s special occasions and festivals.

On a child’s first birthday, xoi is given as a symbolic gesture, marking the start of life’s journey with wishes for health and prosperity. As individuals grow older, sticky rice reappears during one of life’s happiest milestones: the wedding day, where it symbolizes joy and unity.

During Tet holiday, the Vietnamese Lunar New Year, sticky rice takes on a festive form with Xoi Gac (Gac sticky rice), prepared using gấc fruit. Its vibrant red color, believed to bring good luck and happiness, becomes a centerpiece on family tables, representing hopes for a prosperous year ahead. (Get to know about Tet holiday)

Which Vietnamese sticky rice to try?

The variations of Xoi are countless, each offering unique flavors and textures. However, as a Xoi aficionado, I’ve narrowed it down to the 10 most famous types that are not only delicious but also irresistibly addictive and easy to enjoy.

1. Hanoi green sticky rice

Hanoians cherish "cốm" (grains of young sticky rice) as a quintessential gift of autumn. This season is defined by the widespread presence of cốm (green rice) throughout Hanoi, available on street corners and in bustling markets. The green rice grains, delicately husked and pounded, are traditionally displayed in woven bamboo baskets, lovingly wrapped in fresh lotus leaves. (Get to know about the meaning behind lotus flower: Lotus Flowers in Vietnam)

Xôi cốm (green sticky rice) is a traditional Vietnamese dish, especially beloved in Hanoi. Made from young sticky rice (cốm), harvested before fully ripening, it boasts a vibrant green color and a fragrant, unique taste.

A symbol of prosperity and happiness, xôi cốm (green sticky rice) is often featured during Tet and important celebrations. With its subtle sweetness, coconut milk aroma, and diverse toppings, it has become a must-try dish for visitors exploring Vietnam's rich culinary heritage.

In front of Hanoi Cathedral, this sticky rice is abundantly offered, creating a most charming autumn scene!

2. Xôi xéo: Sticky rice with mung bean

If you've ever visited Hanoi or the northern provinces, you've likely noticed the abundance of sticky rice dishes. Among them, xôi xéo (mung bean sticky rice), a signature dish, stands out. For generations, xôi xéo has been a staple breakfast for Hanoi residents.

When you approach a xôi xéo (mung bean sticky rice) stall, the enticing aroma is unmistakable. The sticky rice, with its bright yellow color, is soft and tender, with grains perfectly separated. Thin slices of green bean paste and crispy fried onions are added, offering a delightful combination of textures and flavors.

Xôi xéo (mung bean sticky rice) is especially cherished during the cold season. A bowl of warm xôi xéo brings out the softness of the rice, the subtle sweetness of the green beans, and the crunch of fried onions. Nowadays, it is also paired with cinnamon buns, fried chicken, pâté, or fried meats, making it a versatile dish.

Traditional xôi xéo in Hanoi includes sticky rice, green beans, fried shallots, and chicken fat. This unique blend of simple ingredients creates a rich and flavorful dish, appealing to all tastes. Its creamy, slightly fatty flavor is sure to tempt you from the first bite.

>>> Explore Hanoi with us through 😋😋: 

• 15 Days in Vietnam & Thailand: Discover Hanoi to Bangkok
• 12 Best Restaurants and Places to Enjoy Cuisine in Hanoi
• One day in Hanoi: your COMPLETE guide (prices, tips & itineraries)

3. Xôi Mặn (Savory Sticky Rice): You will regret if you don't try

As you wander through the streets of Vietnam, savory sticky rice emerges as a favorite, especially during the cooler winter months. Popular in both Hanoi and Saigon, this dish is topped with a variety of flavorful ingredients such as quail eggs, chicken, pork, Vietnamese sausages, or pâté, with each vendor giving a unique twist.

In Hanoi, the iconic xoi ban tho De La Thanh and xoi Lo Duc are renowned for their rich taste and traditional preparation, drawing locals and visitors alike. Meanwhile, in Saigon, don't miss the famous chicken sticky rice at Ba Chieu Market, where the fried chicken is marinated in an irresistibly flavorful sauce.

4. Red Sticky Rice (Xôi Gấc) 

In Vietnamese culture, the color red represents happiness, the vibrant spirit of spring, and a symbol of good luck and prosperity. The natural red hue of the gấc fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis) is seen as a gift from nature, believed to bring harmony and success in the new year.

That’s why Xôi gấc (red sticky rice) is a cherished dish in Vietnamese Tet celebrations, symbolizing happiness, prosperity, and good luck. Prepared with glutinous rice, gấc flesh, and sometimes coconut or mung beans, it’s steamed to perfection for a soft, fragrant, and flavorful dish.

Depending on regional habits and traditions, in the South, home cooks often sprinkle shredded coconut or mix in coconut milk, while in the North, mung beans or a touch of sugar may be added. However, regardless of the region, gac sticky rice retains its soft, fragrant texture and vibrant red color, accented by the occasional black specks of gấc seeds.

5. Xoi Khuc (Banh khuc)

Bánh khúc (also known as xôi khúc or xôi cúc) is a traditional dish originating from the Red River Delta in northern Vietnam. This dish is usually prepared during the khúc leaf season, which falls in the 2nd and 3rd lunar months.

What makes bánh khúc so special lies in its fragrant, sticky rice infused with the distinct aroma of khúc leaves, perfectly paired with the filling of mung beans, fatty pork, and the warm, spicy kick of black pepper.

When serving, vendors typically place the bánh khúc on a fresh banana leaf and sprinkle it with a bit of sesame salt for dipping. The soft, sticky white rice clings to the pale green outer layer, exuding the earthy scent of khúc leaves, while the filling inside boasts the rich aroma of mung beans and fatty pork.

In Hanoi, bánh khúc is commonly sold in the evenings. Vendors, often men, carry baskets of bánh khúc on their heads and walk through the streets, chanting distinctive calls like “Hot sticky rice bánh khúc here, hot sticky rice bánh khúc!” or “Who wants hot bánh khúc?” These unique and melodic chants have become a charming feature of Hanoi’s culinary culture.

6. Xoi Chim (Sticky rice with small bird meat)

In the past, xôi chim was a treat in rural areas during the off-harvest season, a time for farmers to reward themselves with a hearty meal. The dish was traditionally made with simple, familiar birds like pigeons or turtledoves.

The dish requires skillful preparation: sticky rice is steamed until perfectly tender, while the bird meat is stir-fried with shallots, ginger, and seasoning until golden brown. The two are carefully blended, with a drizzle of oil for added richness.

Getting the balance right is key—the ratio of meat to rice must be perfect, and the ginger must be added at just the right moment for its warm aroma to shine.

While xôi chim can be found at street stalls, the most treasured version is homemade, where it embodies love, care, and the joy of family gatherings.

7. Xôi ngũ sắc (Five-color sticky rice)

Five-color sticky rice is a staple of Vietnamese cuisine, originating from the northwest region of the country. This dish stands out for its bright colors and captivating aroma, reminiscent of the mountainous landscapes of its homeland.

Five-color sticky rice gets its name from the beautiful hues it features: white, purple, blue, yellow, and red. Each color carries deep symbolic meaning, adding an extra layer of significance to this delightful dish:

• Red: Symbolizes the desire to live.
• Purple: Represents the richness of the earth.
• Yellow: Reflects prosperity and abundance.
• Green: Represents the lush Northwest Mountains.
• White: Symbolizes pure love and loyalty.

Because of these positive meanings, it holds special importance during festivals, community activities, and Tet celebrations in Vietnam. It is regarded as a true symbol of joy, happiness, and prosperity.

Travelers from around the world are drawn to this dish, captivated by its vibrant appearance and exquisite flavor. For locals, it is not only a cultural delicacy but also a practical choice for energy and enjoyment, especially for those working in the fields.

8. Xôi Gà (Chicken sticky rice)

Xôi gà (chicken sticky rice) is a beloved dish, especially popular near Ben Thanh Market in Saigon and in Hoi An. If you visit these areas, it’s a must-try for its flavorful simplicity and cultural significance.

The sticky rice is soaked overnight with turmeric for a golden hue, sometimes steamed with chicken broth for extra fragrance. Free-range chicken is boiled to perfection, tender yet firm, and seasoned with herbs, pepper, and salt. Topped with crispy fried shallots, the dish offers a perfect balance of chewy rice and savory chicken.

9. Xôi Cá (Fish Sticky Rice)

While dishes like bánh canh chả cá or bún sứa are well-known in Nha Trang, locals know that xôi cá (fish sticky rice) is the ultimate breakfast staple. This humble yet flavorful dish combines sticky rice with rich, savory fish stew, often made with anchovies and served with crispy shallots or quail eggs.

The sticky rice is steamed with pandan leaves for a fragrant aroma, sometimes mixed with mung beans. The highlight, however, is the fish: fresh or dried anchovies are simmered in a sauce of fish sauce, sugar, and chili, creating a perfect balance of salty, sweet, and spicy flavors.

Xôi cá is deeply rooted in Nha Trang's food culture. If you visit Nha Trang, this local favorite is a must-try for an authentic taste of the seaside town.

10. Xôi Lá Cẩm

Xôi lá cẩm is a traditional sticky rice dish popular in Vietnam and Thailand, known for its striking purple color derived from lá cẩm (magenta leaves). The leaves not only add visual appeal but also a unique flavor, making it a favorite for home-cooked meals. In Vietnam, the dish is typically served with crushed peanuts, sesame, sugar, and salt, while in Thailand, it’s paired with ripe mango and creamy coconut milk.

To prepare, glutinous rice is soaked in water infused with boiled magenta leaves, then steamed until tender. 

Alongside savory varieties, sweet sticky rice (xôi ngọt) holds an important place, offering delightful flavors and the refined combination of natural ingredients:

Some popular dishes include kem xôi (ice cream sticky rice), a refreshing dessert made with sticky rice and creamy ice cream; xôi chè, sticky rice rubbed with sweet soups such as mung-bean or coconut milk; and xôi xoài, a famous Thai-inspired dish with sticky rice, ripe mango, and coconut milk. Such sweet creations show the versatility of sticky rice, ensuring xôi ngọt remains an ideal dessert or snack for anyone looking to grab something traditional and indulgent at the same time. 

Easy Recipe for Vietnamese Sticky Rice 

Preparation Time: 30 minutes
Cooking Time: 1 hour
Servings: 5

Ingredients:

• Sticky rice: 1 kg
• Fresh sticky corn: 1 kg
• Green beans (peeled): 500 g
• Purple onions: 5 pieces
• Turmeric powder: 5 teaspoons
• Chicken fat: 3 teaspoons (or cooking oil as a substitute)
• Cooking oil: 200 ml
• Salt: 1 teaspoon

Instructions:

1. Preparation:

1. Soak sticky rice and green beans in separate bowls for 6-8 hours. Add turmeric powder to the sticky rice for a golden color.
2. Rinse and drain both after soaking. Add ½ teaspoon of salt to each and mix well.
3. Finely chop the corn after washing.
4. Slice the purple onions and fry them in 200 ml of oil until golden. Drain to remove excess oil.

2. Cooking Sticky Rice:

1. Place sticky rice in a steamer, spreading it evenly and leaving spaces for steam to escape.
2. Steam over medium heat for 25-30 minutes, stirring midway, and baste with chicken fat. Steam for another 10-15 minutes.
3. Separately steam the corn and green beans for 15 minutes until soft.

3. Combining Ingredients:

1. Mix the steamed corn with the sticky rice.
2. Mash the green beans while hot until smooth.
3. Combine everything thoroughly.

4. Presentation:
Serve the sticky rice on a plate or banana leaves for a traditional touch. Sprinkle with fried onions for extra flavor and crunch.

Enjoy this flavorful and aromatic dish, perfect for sharing!

Top places to enjoy Xôi in Vietnam 

1. Hanoi

1. Xôi Chiên Hàng Điếu: 2 Hàng Điếu, Hoàn Kiếm – Famous for its crispy fried sticky rice.
2. Xôi Rán Bà Hoa: 37 Lò Đúc, Hai Bà Trưng – Known for its golden, crunchy xôi.
3. Xôi Bùi Bạch Mai: 226 Bạch Mai, Hai Bà Trưng – A classic spot for traditional sticky rice.
4. Xôi Sắn Đống Đa: Ngõ 38 Ngô Sĩ Liên, Đống Đa – Loved for its cassava sticky rice.

   

5. Xôi Khúc Hải Ngân: Multiple locations, including Ba Đình and Đống Đa – Renowned for flavorful khúc sticky rice.
6. Xôi Hà Nội – Xôi Cá Rô Đồng: 107 Nguyễn Chí Thanh, Đống Đa – Unique with its field fish topping.
7. Xôi Mai: 2 Tông Đản, Hoàn Kiếm – A favorite for its fragrant and well-balanced xôi.
8. Xôi Cô Lan: Opposite Trưng Vương Secondary School, Hàng Bài, Hoàn Kiếm – A staple for traditional xôi dishes.

2. Ho Chi Minh City

• Xôi Bát: Known for its creative presentation and diverse menu.
• Xôi Mềm: Hanoi-style xôi xéo in Saigon for northern flavor enthusiasts.
• Peofood: A great spot for authentic northern-style xôi.
• Xôi Nhà Xác: Famous for its traditional savory xôi dishes.
• Xôi Lá Sen: 35 Ngô Thị Thu Minh – Lotus-leaf-wrapped sticky rice with a fragrant aroma.

  

• Xôi Gà Bà Chiểu: A must-visit for chicken sticky rice fans.
• Xôi Gà Xéo Sài Gòn: A fusion of northern and southern styles for savory xôi lovers.
• Xôi Chè Sài Gòn: Sweet sticky rice paired with chè for a delightful twist.

Our Final Words

Vietnamese sticky rice, known as "xôi", is an essential dish in Vietnamese cuisine. Don’t miss the chance to try it during your trip to Vietnam, especially for breakfast. Its sticky and tender texture, combined with a variety of ingredients such as green beans, corn, or meat, offers an authentic culinary experience.

Discover the many variations of xôi and enjoy this traditional specialty that showcases the richness of Vietnamese gastronomy. It’s a must-try for travel and food enthusiasts alike!

>>> Learn more about other Vietnamese dishes:

• 10 Strangest Vietnamese foods you MUST SEE to believe
• Bun bo Hue: 5 Secrets Behind the World’s Favorite Noodle Soup
• Bun Dau Mam Tom: Do you enjoy the stinkiest dish in Vietnam?
• Discover the Top Vietnamese Dishes to Try in Each Region!
• Vietnamese Pho: Iconic Dish, Recipe, and Where to Taste It!