Why is the Elephant the Soul of Laos' Culture?

When we think of a country in Southeast Asia that is home to many elephants, Thailand might immediately come to mind. However, the true answer lies in Laos, aptly known as the "Land of a Million Elephants". This nickname highlights the deep cultural significance of elephants in this peaceful nation.

Lying in the heart of the region, Laos has nurtured a unique relationship with these magnificent creatures over centuries. Why is this place called that and what do they represent to its people? Join us as we delve into the rich meaning behind this iconic symbol of Laos.

Written by Preetika Narula (Local Expert)Updated on 25-10-2024

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Table of contents

Why is Laos Called the Land of a Million Elephants?
Why Are Elephants Important to Laos?
Where to Experience Ethical Elephant Tourism in Laos?
Practical Tips for Visiting Elephant Sanctuary
FAQs

Why is Laos Called the Land of a Million Elephants?

The term "Land of a Million Elephants" in relation to Laos derives from the historical name “Lan Xang”, which in the Lao language is interpreted precisely as that. Lan Xang Kingdom flourished from 1354 till 1707 and was stretched over a major territory in Southeast Asia in its heyday.

There were many elephants in the area and they were essential to everyday life, and so the kingdom was also known as Lan Xang. This name has survived up to date and it is among the proud emblems of the culture of Laos like Elephants playing trumpets are the symbol of Visit Laos Year 2024.

In February, elephants and their mahouts participated in the second annual Elephant Festival in Paklay, Laos. It is a three-day event and the organizers hope that increased awareness will help overcome the challenges facing the endangered Asian elephant. — *Elephant Festival in Paklay, Laos, a three-day event aimed at raising awareness of the endangered Asian elephant's challenges*

>>> Worth Knowing: Domesticated elephants (Elephas maximus) have always been revered as part of the family and were declared the national animal by previous monarchs. It was customary for kings to present large elephants as gifts to neighboring countries to foster diplomatic relations between nations.

Why Are Elephants Important to Laos?

Elephants hold a significant place in Laotian culture and history, deeply intertwined with the nation's identity, religion, and folklore as well as contributing to the economy through manual labor, religious practices, and transporting heavy loads across difficult terrains.

For some minority groups, elephants remain economically valuable, including through exports to other countries. Known for their strength, wisdom, and cultural symbolism, these majestic animals have been revered in Laos for centuries. The importance of elephants is reflected in their symbolism, religious significance, and role in Laotian traditions.

*Application of elephants in agriculture*

The Influence of Buddhism on Elephants in Laos

In Laos, Buddhism is the dominant religion, and it fosters a deep respect for animals, especially elephants. In Buddhism, elephants, particularly white elephants, are symbols of luck, calmness, wealth, and regality. The imagery of an elephant evolves from untamed and gray, symbolizing the subconscious, to tamed and white, representing mastery over oneself. This progression reflects one's personal journey in Buddhism, overcoming ignorance. Elephants are also seen as beings that move effortlessly across vast spaces, symbolizing the wisdom and control of Buddhist teachings in life.

Elephants have a close connection with the Lao people in culture, society, and spirituality. — *Elephants have a close connection with the Lao people in culture, society, and spirituality*

In addition, many temples in Laos feature statues of a three-headed elephant, a significant figure in Laotian art. This sculpture, present in temples and historical sites, was even part of the country's flag until 1975. The three-headed elephant represents Vientiane, Luang Prabang, and Champasak—Laos' three main cities—and symbolizes the Hindu-Buddhist Holy Triad of Brahma, Vishnu, and Mahesh. This highlights the deep cultural and religious significance of the elephant in Laos' history, almost as if it were revered.

If you want to explore the most fascinating temples in Laos, be sure to read: The 10 Most Extraordinary Temples in Laos

Good to know: The three-head elephant flag is still Laos’ national Flag until 1975. After that, they changed their national flag into a different image.

Regional Beliefs About Elephants in Laos

The significance of elephants is not only limited to that of Laos, there are many countries in Southeast Asia such as Thailand, Indonesia, and even Philippines, that enshrine elephants as sacred animals. They are, in such cultures, believed to be the carriers or the physical human forms of powerful deities.

*White elephants, are symbols of luck, calmness, wealth, and regality*

Above all, the white elephant is rather romantically viewed as a highly scarce exquisite animal. Keeping a white elephant is believed to be the hallmark of a rich, thriving, and peace loving nation. This animal is even more unique in the animal kingdom across cultures in the region adding to a wider appeal of the animal thanks to access to its various folktales and legends.

*Elephants are considered a symbol in most Southeast Asian countries*

>>>> Read more: Lao New Year Guide in 2025: Sok Di Pi Mai!

Current Situation

Today, elephants in Laos face several challenges. Once cherished as national symbols, they are now endangered due to logging and exploitation in tourism.

According to the World Wide Fund for Nature estimates that only 500-1000 elephants remain in Laos. Their population has declined due to habitat destruction, primarily from deforestation and large-scale projects like the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Logging, hydroelectric power plants, mineral extraction, and urban development have further reduced their range.

*Elephants lose nearly two-thirds of their habitat in Laos*

Additionally, some tourist destinations in Laos still use elephants for entertainment, which often sparks controversy due to ethical concerns. This has led to the creation of Ethical Elephant Sanctuaries, the gallant aim being to upkeep and protect the little they can of the meager population of the country known as a million elephants.

Where to Experience Ethical Elephant Tourism in Laos?

An ethical elephant sanctuary prioritizes the well-being of elephants over profit. Elephants are allowed to roam freely across large areas of land, and their autonomy is respected—no rides, no performances. However, activities like feeding the elephants remain a point of unresolved controversy, as they may compromise the animals' freedom of choice. While it is always a matter of debate, feeding programs still exist in some places. However, bathing, touching, and riding are strictly prohibited.

Below are the top three elephant sanctuaries in Laos.

Good to Know: Elephants need to eat 150kg of vegetation per day to survive and the average lifespan of an Asian elephant is up to 60 years in the wild.

MandaLao, Elephant Luang Prabang

Riding: No
Feeding: Yes
Bathing: No
Touching: No

Those who would like to encounter the elephant tourism program ethically are invited to visit MandaLao Luang Prabang, which offers a very unique experience in watching elephants without actually changing their natural habits. It was started in 2016 on the banks of the northern Lao Nam Khan River, and it spans an area of 80 hectares filled with trees, water bodies, and even veterinary facilities. At the moment MandaLao occupies six rescued female adults and one young calf of twenty months age from the logging operations.

There are no elephant rides or other exploitative practices at this sanctuary. Ethical tourism elephant in Luang Prabang focuses on observing animals in their natural environment without encroaching on their space. Visitors can engage in activities such as walking with elephants, attending feeding sessions, and participating in conservation workshops.

Elephant trekking is a major activity in MandaLao. — *Elephant trekking is a main activity in MandaLao*

These experiences not only allow travelers to contribute to the protection of endangered species but also minimize the negative impacts of tourism on animals. This enhances the soft adventure tourism experience while helping preserve the region’s biological resources for future generations.

Website: https://www.mandalao.net/
Cost: $100USD (half-day tour) or $150USD (full-day tour)

Sayaboury Elephant Conservation Centre Laos

Riding: No
Feeding: No
Bathing: No
Touching: No

Established by elephant specialist Sébastien Duffillot in 2010 after years of work in Laos with his NGO, ElefantAsia, the Sayaboury Elephant Conservation Center spans 530 hectares and cares for 34 elephants with the help of 67 staff members.

Unlike other sanctuaries, the aim of the Sayaboury- Laos elephant conservation center is not to keep hold of the elephants that they have rescued but to slowly reintroduce them into the wild once they have been rehabilitated. In March 2019, their first herd of five elephants was released into the 192,000-hectare Nam Pouy protected area of Sayaboury Province that the Elephant Conservation Centre is now officially managing.

Visitors will be close to elephants, accompanying them as friends. — *Visitors will be close to elephants, accompanying them as friends*

The center focuses on conservation education and limiting tourism's impact. Visitors can observe elephants in an educational setting that highlights their intelligence, behaviors, habitats, and challenges. While elephant riding is not allowed, guests are encouraged to stay a few nights to learn more about the rehabilitation and breeding programs.

Visitors can also participate in elephant rescue with experts. — *Visitors can also participate in elephant rescue with experts*

Simple bungalows are available for tourists within the jungle reserve, located about two hours from Luang Prabang.

Website: https://www.elephantconservationcenter.com/
Cost: $210USD - $470USD (2-day, 1-night stay - 3-day, 2-night)

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Mekong Elephant Park, Pakbeng

Riding: No
Feeding: No
Bathing: No
Touching: No

This prominent Lao ecotourism initiative insists on the fact that the elephants are taken care of, which is their topmost concern. And, given the fact that they only provide a non – interactive experience to tourists visiting the place, they have very well walked the talk!

Located on the banks of the mighty Mekong River is the Mekong Elephant Park Laos where one can enjoy the sight of elephants in an idyllic and naturally pleasing setting than any other place. This model of eco-tourism refrains from interfering in the animals’ gentle giants way of life, allowing them to walk around without the constraints and annoyances brought about by traditional forms of tourism such as riding the elephants and performing shows.

*Natural conservation environment, and experienced professionals in animal rescue*

Elephants can be observed doing various activities such as bathing, feeding, or playing with other elephants as guests immerse themselves in their culture and learn more about their social structure. The park is dedicated to conservation and education, striving to protect elephants and their habitats while promoting sustainable tourism. Guided tours provide informative experiences without disrupting the elephants' natural routines. Guests learn about the challenges facing elephants in Laos and how the park contributes to their welfare.

Website: https://www.mekongelephantpark.com/
Cost: $30USD (Privileged Instants) - $50USD (Day Program)

Practical Tips for Visiting Elephant Sanctuary

Proper clothing: Wear light fabrics that cover your shoulders and knees to blend in, protect against the sun, and prevent insect bites.
Comfortable shoes: Opt for sturdy walking shoes or closed-toe sandals suitable for natural terrain.
Sun protection: Bring a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and biodegradable sunscreen.
Insect repellent: Use organic insect repellent to protect yourself without harming the environment.
Reusable water bottle: Carry a refillable bottle to reduce plastic waste.
Rain gear: A light raincoat or poncho is useful for sudden rain.
Small backpack: Handy for keeping essentials while leaving your hands free.
Hand sanitizer and wet wipes: Useful when facilities aren’t available.
Respectful attitude: Approach with a positive mindset and openness to learning about conservation efforts.

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FAQs

Why is it important to avoid elephant rides and performances?

Currently, over 3,000 elephants work in Asia's tourism and entertainment industries, enduring daily physical and mental hardships to perform activities like riding, performing, and bathing. These activities are no longer viable for tourism as they not only endanger human safety but also cause immense suffering to the animals.

When is the best time to Visit Laos for Elephant Experiences?

The best time to explore elephant Laos experiences is during the cooler months, and attending the Sayaboury Elephant Festival is an unforgettable way to engage with local culture.

How Tourists Can Contribute to Elephant Conservation?

Donate: Support conservation efforts with a donation.
Sponsor an Elephant: Help care for an elephant by sponsoring.
Raise Awareness: Share your experience to inspire others.
Volunteer Remotely: Assist with remote tasks like fundraising.
Buy Ethical: Avoid products made from elephant parts.
Travel Responsibly: Support ethical tourism; avoid elephant rides.

Conclusion

Elephants and Laos share a deep connection through life, culture, and spirituality. Additionally, Laos is an incredible destination for those seeking an ethical experience with elephants. While many tourists visit Thailand to see these majestic animals, elephants in Laos are often rescued and cared for in sanctuaries, where they receive much-needed attention.

No matter which Laos elephant sanctuary you choose from our list, you'll embark on an amazing adventure while supporting a reputable organization dedicated to the well-being of elephants.